This European Standard is to be used together with EN 13001-1 and EN 13001-2 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of cranes by design and theoretical verification. Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type. The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Clauses 4 to 8 of this standard are necessary to reduce or eliminate risks associated with the following hazards: a) Exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue); b) Exceeding temperature limits of material or components; c) Elastic instability of the crane or its parts (buckling, bulging). This European Standard is not applicable to cranes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane types (see Annex I). EN 13001-3-1 deals only with limit state method in accordance with EN 13001-1. This document was adapted in structure and contents as far as possible to ISO 20332 Cranes - General Design - Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of steel structure.