This European Standard is to be used together with Part 1 and series of Part 3 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent hazards of cranes by design and theoretical verification. NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type. The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clause 4 is necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with the following hazards: a) rigid body instability of the crane or its parts (tilting and shifting); b) exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue); c) elastic instability of the crane or its parts (buckling, bulging); d) exceeding temperature limits of material or components; e) exceeding the deformation limits. This European Standard is applicable to cranes which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this standard and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane types.