1.1 This European Standard covers ground anchors grouted into the ground which are stressed and tested. They can be used for permanent or temporary applications. NOTE For the purpose of this standard the term "anchor(s)" refers to "ground anchor(s)". 1.2 The anchors are designed in accordance with EN 1997-1:2004 and are tested in accordance with EN ISO 22477-5. 1.3 Typical bond and compression type anchors are shown in Figures 1 and 2. 1.4 The term "ground" is taken to encompass soil, rock and fill already in place or existing prior to the execution of the construction work. 1.5 The planning and design of ground anchors calls for experience and knowledge in this specialised field. 1.6 The installation and testing phases require skilled, qualified labour and supervision. 1.7 This standard cannot replace the knowledge of specialist personnel and the expertise of experienced contractors required to apply this standard. 1.8 This standard does not address systems such as tension piles, screw anchors, mechanical anchors, soil nails, dead-man anchors or expander anchors as these do not fulfil the requirements of this standard.