1.1 This guide covers a general approach to planning field investigationsthat is useful for any type of environmental investigation with a primaryfocus on the subsurface and major factors affecting the surface andsubsurface environment. Generally, such investigations should identify andlocate, both horizontally and vertically, significant soil and rock massesand ground water conditions present within a given site area and establishthe characteristics of the subsurface materials by sampling or in situtesting, or both. The extent of characterization and specific methods usedwill be determined by the environmental objectives and data qualityrequirements of the investigation. This guide focuses on field methods fordetermining site characteristics and collection of samples for furtherphysical and chemical characterization. 1.2 This guide refers to ASTM standard methods by which soil, rock, vadosezone, and ground water conditions may be determined. Laboratory testing ofsoil, rock, and ground-water samples is specified by other ASTM standardswhich are not specifically discussed in this guide. Laboratory methods formeasurement of physical properties relevant to environmental investigationsare included in Appendix X1. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, ifany, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determinethe applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.